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Abstract The present study aimed to identify the bioactive constituents in the chloroform extract of H. spicatum rhizomes (HS-RCLE), further evaluated for its in-vitro pesticidal activities validating via molecular docking techniques. GC/MS analysis of HS-RCLE identified 14 compounds contributing 84.1 % of the total composition. The extract was dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (43.1 %) with curcumenone (25.2 %) and coronarin E (14.8 %) as the major compounds. The extract recorded 89.4 % egg hatchability inhibition and 82.6 % immobility of Meloidogyne incognita, 66.7 % insecticidal activity on Spodoptera litura, 100 % phytotoxic activity on Raphanus raphanistrum seeds, and 74.7 % anti-fungal activity on Curvularia lunata at the respective highest dose studied. The biological activities were furthermore validated by using docking studies on certain proteins/enzymes namely acetylcholinesterase (PBD ID: IC2O), carboxylesterase (PDB ID: 1CI8), acetohydroxyacid synthase (PBD ID: 1YHZ) and trihydroxy naphthalene reductase (PBD ID: 3HNR). The bioactivity of the major constituents of the extract was predicted with the help of in silico PASS studies. HS-RCLE was observed to be a viable alternative source of natural pesticidal agents and paves the way for further studies on its mechanistic approaches and field trials to ascertain its pesticidal studies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220964

Comparative study on eucalyptol and camphor rich essential oils from rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum Sm. and their pharmacological, antioxidant and antifungal activities
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RAWAT, AVNEESH

; RAWAT, MANJU

; PRAKASH, OM

; KUMAR, RAVENDRA

; PUNETHA, HIMANSHU

; RAWAT, DHARMENDRA S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Nº 3 elocation e20210932

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The aim of present study was to evaluate chemical composition and different biological activities viz., pharmacological and antioxidant activities of essential oils. The chemical composition of essential oils was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry while biological activities were evaluated by standard protocols. Essential oils of Hedychium spicatum Sm. from two different ecological niches viz; Nainital (Site-I) and Himachal Pradesh (Site-II) of India revealed the qualitative and quantitative chemo-diversity. Both the oils were dominated by oxygenated terpenoids. Major marker compounds identified were eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, α-eudesmol, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, and iso-borneol. Both the oils exhibited anti-inflammatory activity suppressing 17.60 % to 33.57 % inflammation at 100mg/kg b. wt. dose levels compared to ibuprofen-treated group (40.06 %). The sub-acute inflammation in oils-treated mice groups (50 and 100 mg/kg b. wt.) increased on day 2 but showed a gradual decrease from day 3 onwards and then recovered to normal by day 10. The antinociception percentage for doses (50 and 100 mg/kg b. wt.) ranged from 33.70-40.46 % in Site-I and 30.34-42.39 % in Site-II compared to standard drug, ibuprofen (43.08 %). The oils also showed a good antipyretic effect by suppressing Brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) induced pyrexia after oil dose injection. The oils also exhibited good antioxidant activity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210932

Essential oil composition and biological activities determination of Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim. and its major isolated component, carvone
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Kanyal, Jeewanti

; Prakash, Om

; Kumar, Ravendra

; Rawat, Dharmendra Singh

; Singh, Rajesh Pratap

; Srivastava, Ravi Mohan

; Pant, Anil Kumar

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2022, Volume 58 elocation e201031

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study was aimed to explore the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from aerial part of Mosla dianthera along with its major isolated compound, carvone. The hydro-distilled essential oil was analysed by GC-MS and biological activities were investigated in terms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-feedant properties. GC-MS analysis led to the identification of forty-nine components contributing 96.2% of essential oil with carvone (41.9%) as the most abundant constituent. The oil and carvone showed good to moderate antioxidant potentials determined by radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activities. Carvone showed good anti-inflammatory activity (78.0%) compared to essential oil (74.2%). Both essential oil and carvone exhibited excellent herbicidal activity against Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus seeds. The essential oil and carvone showed significant anti-bacterial efficacy against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. It was observed that essential oil showed strong antifungal property than carvone against Alternaria alternata and Curvularia lunata. Both the samples exhibited anti-feedant activity in a dose dependent manner against third instar larvae of Spilosoma obliqua. Results obtained revealed the possible applications of essential oil and carvone as a bioactive source of natural antioxidants, excellent herbicide and an effective substance for antifungal and antifeedant activities.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e201031

Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory activities of Hexane and Methanol extracts of Acmella uliginosa from Terai region of Uttarakhand
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Gairola, Kanchan

; Gururani, Shriya

; Kumar, Ravendra

; Prakash, Om

; Agrawal, Sanjeev

; Dubey, Shiv Kumar

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2022, Volume 58 elocation e20353

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Acmella uliginosa, an edible herb belonging to Asteraceae family, was collected from the Terai region of Uttarakhand, India. Methanol and hexane extracts of the whole plant were prepared using soxhlet apparatus. The GC-MS analysis of plant extracts identifies 22 and 35 major compounds of methanol and hexane extracts which comprises of 74.21% and 73.20% of the total composition of extracts, respectively. The major compound in hexane was 2, 4-heptadienal (7.99%) whereas trans, trans-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid propyl ester (16.96%) was major compound in methanol extract. The extracts were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Methanol extract showed higher free radical scavenging and reducing power activities with IC50 value 153.82±1.69 μg/mL and RP50 value of 152.28±0.41 μg/mL, respectively. The metal chelating activity was higher in hexane extract as compared to methanol extract i.e., 62.08±0.25 μg/mL. The anti-inflammatory activity assessed by its ability to inhibit denaturation was higher in methanol having IB50 value 87.33±0.15 µg/mL. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and ortho-dihydric phenol content (ODP) of methanol and hexane extracts were also evaluated. TPC, TFC and ODP was higher in methanol extract having value of 122.23±0.22, 35.01±0.29 and 8±0.86 mg/mL, respectively. Acmella uliginosa, might be considered as a natural source for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e20353

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Essential oil and Extracts of Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe flowers
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Sethi, Sonali

; Prakash, Om

; Kumar, Ravendra

; Dubey, Shiv Kumar

; Arya, Mamta

; Pant, Anil Kumar

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2022, Volume 58 elocation e201209

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The present study describes chemical composition, phytochemicals, antifungal activities, antioxidant assays and total phenolic content of essential oil and varied polarity solvent extract from flowers of Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.). Total 27 components were identified in essential oil by GC-MS with terpinen-4-ol (28.6%) and α- terpineol (12.8%) as the main constituent. The essential oil was found to have maximal levels of phenolic content (64.60 μg/mL) as compared to the other extracts. The antioxidant assay evaluated in extracts and essential oil by different methods revealed good-to-moderate antioxidant potential with different IC50 values viz. (188.02 -250.25 μg/mL) in Fe3+ reducing power, (153.15-201.59 μg/mL) in Fe2+ metal-chelating ability, (130.39-181.12 μg/mL) in DPPH, (88.29-187.32 μg/mL) in OH radical, (79.04-156.79 μg/mL), in NO radical and (138.72-233.00 μg/mL) in superoxide anion scavenging activities, respectively. The methanolic extract display remarkable fungicidal activity against the tested pathogens followed by dichloromethane extract, essential oil, hexane extract and petroleum ether extract respectively, with MIC values ranging from 31.25 to 500 μg/mL. Based on results, it can be inferred that the flower of A. malaccensis if explored further for its medicinal properties, might be a good source to develop a safe and sustainable natural food preservative.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e201209

Methyl Eugenol, 1,8-Cineole and Nerolidol Rich Essential Oils with their Biological Activities from three Melaleuca Species Growing in Tarai Region of North India
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Joshi, Archana

; Prakash, Om

; Pant, Anil Kumar

; Kumar, Ravendra

; Szczepaniak, Lech

; Kucharska-Ambrożej, Kamila

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2021, Volume 64 elocation e21210186

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The essential oils from the fresh leaves of three Melalecua spp. viz; Melaleuca leucadendron (L.) Melaleuca linariifolia Sm. and Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell. growing in Tarai region of North India were analyzed by a combination of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The analysis revealed the presence of several constituents of industrial and pharmacological importance. M. leucadendron essential oil was found to be dominated by E-nerolidol (85.7%) rich chemotype. 1,8-cineole (61.1%) along with significant presence of α-terpineol (12.3%), α-pinene (4.0%), β-myrcene (3.8%), and E-caryophyllene (1.7%) were identified in the essential oil from M. linariifolia Similarly M. bracteata was dominated by the presence of phenylpropanoids viz; methyl eugenol (74.8%) and methyl cinnamate (8.0%). The essential oils were studied for their in-vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potential. All the oils revealed potential antioxidant activity with maximum in M. bracteata essential oil. All the oils exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,Salmonella typhimurium and anti-fungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Exserohilum turcicum and Curvularia lunata. The observations from present study suggest further cultivation of Melaleucas and its commercialization as industrial crops.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2021210186

DBW222 (Karan Narendra): A new high-yielding, lodging-tolerant wheat variety for North Western plains of India
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Mishra, Chandra Nath

; Tiwari, Vinod

; Khan, Hanif

; Kumar, Satish

; Sharma, Amit Kumar

; Singh, Rajender

; Jasrotia, Poonam

; Mamrutha, Harohalli Masthigowda

; Kashyap, Prem Lal

; Gupta, Arun

; Gupta, Vikas

; Gopalareddy, Krishnappa

; Venkatesh, Karnam

; Singh, Charan

; Singh, Sanjay Kumar

; Kumar, Raj

; Tyagi, Bhudeva Singh

; Bhardwaj, Subash Chander

; Chatrath, Ravish

; Prakash, Om

; Lal, Madan

; Singh, Gyanendra

; Singh, Gyanendra Pratap

Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology

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2020, Volume 20 Nº 3 elocation e32902037

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract DBW222 is characterized by potential yield of 8210 kg ha-1 under high fertility when sown in timely conditions in North India. It possesses better agronomic attributes and has better adaption to sowing time, high rust resistance, quality attributes, and lodging tolerance because of a shorter 2nd internode and wider diameter.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332020v20n3c41 2688 downloads

Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Dillenia indica (L.) leaves extract
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Kumar, Sunil

; Kumar, Vipin

; Prakash, Om

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Jun 2011, Volume 47 Nº 2 Páginas 373 - 378

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Realizou-se o presente estudo para avaliar os efeitos antidiabético e anti-hiperlipidêmico de extratos metanólicos de folhas de Dillenia indica em ratos wistar com diabetes induzido por estreptozotocina por meio da administração de doses orais (250 e 500 mg/kg de peso corporal) por 21 dias. O extrato mostrou atividade antidiabética significativa (p<0,001). Além disso, a diminuição do peso corporal dos ratos foi significativamente melhorada após o tratamento com os extratos. O tratamento com doses orais do extrato por 21 dias aos ratos diabéticos também resultou em redução significativa do colesterol, triglicerídios e níveis de transaminase séricos, mas o nível de HDL-colesterol foi melhorado (p<0,001), quando comparado ao grupo controle diabético. O tratamento com extrato também mostrou aumento do nível sérico de insulina em ratos diabéticos comparativamente ao grupo controle diabético. Em conclusão, o extrato de folha de D. indica poderia ser útil para o controle do diabetes mellitus e de outras anormalidades associadas a essa disfunção metabólica.

The present study was carried out to evaluate antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Dillenia indica methanolic leaves extracts in streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats by administering graded oral doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days. The extract showed significant antidiabetic activity (p<0.001). Furthermore, the decreased body weight of rats was significantly improved after extract treatments. Daily oral treatment with the extract for 21 days to diabetic rats, also resulted in significant reduction in serum cholesterol, triglycerides and serum transaminase levels but HDL-cholesterol level was found to be improved (p<0.001) as compared to the diabetic control group. The extract treatment also showed to enhance serum insulin level in diabetic rats as compared to the diabetic control group. In conclusion, D. indica leaf extract might be useful for diabetes mellitus management and other abnormalities associated with this metabolic disorder.

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Experimental study on heat and mass transfer for heating milk
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Kumar, Mahesh

; Kasana, K S

; Kumar, Sudhir

; Prakash, Om

Journal of Energy in Southern Africa

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2011, Volume 22 Nº 3 Páginas 45 - 53

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

In this paper, an attempt has been made to estimate the convective heat transfer coefficient for sensible heating of milk in a stainless steel pot during khoa, made by traditional method. Various indoor experiments were performed for simulation of a developed thermal model for maximum evaporation by varying heat inputs from 240 watts to 420 watts. The experimental data was used to determine values of constants in the well known Nusselt expression by simple linear regression analysis and, consequently, convective heat transfer coefficients were determined. It is found that the convective heat transfer coefficients decrease with an increase in rate of heating. The experimental error in terms of percent uncertainty was also evaluated.

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